Analiza wpływu procesu frezowania warstw z mieszanek SMA na możliwości ich recyklingu

Adam Liphardt; Piotr Radziszewski; Michał Sarnowski; Laura Janusz; Jan Król; Piotr Pokorski; Karol Kowalski

doi:10.7409/rabdim.026.002

Published: 2026-03-02

Vol. 25 No. 1 (2026)

Analysis of the influence of the SMA milling process on the possibility of incorporating RAP into SMA mixtures

Adam Liphardt

, Piotr Radziszewski

, Michał Sarnowski

, Laura Janusz

, Jan Król

, Piotr Pokorski

, Karol Kowalski

Section: Articles

https://doi.org/10.7409/rabdim.026.002

Abstract

The dominant technology currently used for constructing wearing courses is the SMA (Stone Mastic Asphalt) mixture technology, which has a high recycling potential. The main factors limiting the amount of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) that can be used in SMA mixtures are the origin of the RAP, its gradation, and the properties of the binder it contains. Owing to the unique structure of the mineral skeleton in SMA mixtures, combined with the requirements for the aggregates and binders used, only RAP derived from SMA layers can be incorporated into their composition. Moreover, the significant influence of vehicle traffic and climatic conditions on SMA layers necessitates the use of RAP containing asphalt binders of relatively high quality. The article assessed both existing SMA wearing courses and RAP obtained from SMA layers in terms of their potential reuse in SMA mixtures during hot recycling processes. The analyses were based on data provided by the General Directorate for National Roads and Motorways as well as by construction companies. The composition and gradation of original SMA mixtures, as well as the gradation of selected RAP obtained from them, were analyzed. Based on these analyses, an attempt was made to identify correlations and indicators describing gradation changes resulting from pavement milling. Using the obtained RAP gradation data and gradation data derived from the identified correlations, a theoretical process of designing SMA mixtures with different BR (Binder Replacement) index was carried out in order to determine the maximum feasible levels of unprocessed RAP incorporation. The conducted analyses showed that by predicting the gradation of the mineral mixture in RAP, it is possible – based on data from the original SMA asphalt mixture or from core samples – to estimate the achievable level of RAP incorporation that can be obtained from a given layer.

Keywords:

BR index, RAP gradation, reclaimed asphalt, recycling, SMA mixture

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Liphardt, A., Radziszewski, P., Sarnowski, M., Janusz, L., Król, J., Pokorski, P., & Kowalski, K. (2026). Analysis of the influence of the SMA milling process on the possibility of incorporating RAP into SMA mixtures. Roads and Bridges – Drogi I Mosty, 25(1), 23–25. https://doi.org/10.7409/rabdim.026.002

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